Understanding Mupirocin and Its Uses
Mupirocin is a prescription antibiotic medication used exclusively on the skin to treat bacterial infections [1.2.1, 1.3.3]. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes, which are common causes of skin issues [1.3.5, 1.3.6]. It is not effective against fungal or viral infections [1.3.3].
Its most common approved use is for treating impetigo, a contagious skin infection characterized by red sores that can break open, ooze fluid, and develop a honey-colored crust [1.3.1, 1.4.2]. Mupirocin comes in two main forms: an ointment and a cream. While both contain 2% mupirocin, they are approved for different specific uses [1.4.3, 1.4.4].
- Mupirocin Ointment: Primarily FDA-approved for treating impetigo in adults and children 2 months and older [1.4.1, 1.4.3].
- Mupirocin Cream: Used to treat traumatic skin lesions that have become secondarily infected, such as cuts or wounds, in adults and children 3 months and older [1.4.1, 1.4.3].
- Nasal Ointment: A specific formulation is used inside the nostrils to eradicate nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to reduce infection risk, particularly in healthcare settings [1.8.1, 1.5.6].
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Apply Topical Mupirocin
Proper application ensures the medication works effectively and minimizes side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions. The general steps are as follows:
1. Preparation
Wash your hands: Before and after every application, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. This prevents contamination of the tube and stops the infection from spreading [1.2.2]. Clean and dry the area: Gently clean the affected skin with mild soap and water, then pat it dry completely before applying the medication [1.2.1]. For impetigo, your doctor may recommend soaking the area with a warm, wet cloth to help gently remove any scabs so the antibiotic can penetrate the skin better [1.7.1].
2. Application
Apply a small amount: Squeeze a small amount of the ointment or cream onto a cotton swab or a clean gauze pad [1.2.6]. Create a thin layer: Gently rub a thin film of the medication over the entire affected area [1.2.2, 1.3.3]. Using a cotton swab helps avoid touching the infected skin with your fingers [1.2.4]. Avoid sensitive areas: Do not get the medication in your eyes, nose, or mouth, as it can cause irritation [1.2.2, 1.5.1]. If accidental contact occurs, rinse the area thoroughly with plenty of water [1.2.1].
3. After Application
Cover if needed: You may cover the treated area with a sterile gauze dressing if desired or if recommended by your doctor [1.2.2]. This can help prevent the infection from spreading [1.7.1]. Avoid using airtight or plastic-covered bandages unless specifically instructed [1.3.7]. Frequency: Mupirocin is typically applied three times a day (about every 8 hours) [1.2.1, 1.2.5]. Complete the full course: It is crucial to use the medication for the entire duration prescribed by your doctor, usually 5 to 10 days, even if symptoms improve or disappear sooner [1.2.1, 1.6.1]. Stopping treatment early can lead to the infection returning and may contribute to antibiotic resistance [1.2.6].
Mupirocin Ointment vs. Cream
While both forms treat bacterial skin infections, their approved uses and formulations differ slightly.
| Feature | Mupirocin Ointment (2%) | Mupirocin Cream (2%) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Use | Treatment of impetigo [1.4.1] | Treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions (e.g., cuts, sutured wounds) [1.4.1] |
| Age Approval | Adults and children 2 months and older [1.4.3] | Adults and children 3 months and older [1.4.3] |
| Base | Contains polyethylene glycol (PEG), a water-miscible base [1.3.6] | Oil and water-based vehicle [1.3.6] |
Potential Side Effects and Precautions
Mupirocin is generally well-tolerated, but some side effects can occur at the application site. Common side effects include:
- Burning
- Stinging
- Pain
- Itching
- Rash [1.5.1]
These are typically mild. However, if you experience severe irritation, blistering, or signs of an allergic reaction (like hives, swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing), stop using the medication and contact your doctor immediately [1.5.5, 1.5.6].
Do not use mupirocin for longer than prescribed, as prolonged use can lead to the growth of other organisms, like fungi [1.3.4]. If your condition does not improve within 3 to 5 days, or if it worsens, you should be re-evaluated by your healthcare provider [1.6.5].
Conclusion
Applying topical mupirocin correctly is essential for clearing up bacterial skin infections like impetigo and preventing antibiotic resistance. By following a clean application technique, using the medication three times daily, and completing the full prescribed course, you can ensure the most effective treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis and to understand the specific instructions for your condition. Do not share your medication with others, as it is a prescription treatment tailored to a specific diagnosis [1.3.3].
For more information on impetigo, its causes, and treatment, you can visit the Mayo Clinic's page on Impetigo.
