What is Bactroban Ointment? A Potent Prescription Antibiotic
Bactroban ointment is a prescription-strength topical antibiotic with mupirocin as its active ingredient. Mupirocin is derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens and is the sole active component in Bactroban, unlike some over-the-counter antibiotic products. Its unique mechanism of action makes it effective against specific bacterial strains, particularly those resistant to weaker antibiotics. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and is applied to localized infected skin areas.
Medical Uses of Bactroban Ointment
Bactroban ointment is prescribed for specific bacterial skin infections, not for general minor cuts and scrapes. Common uses include:
- Impetigo: A contagious bacterial infection causing red, blistering sores.
- Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles resulting in pus-filled bumps.
- Secondarily Infected Skin Lesions: Used for infected cuts, abrasions, or sutured wounds.
- Boils (Furunculosis): Painful, pus-filled lumps from infected hair follicles.
- MRSA Decolonization: A different nasal formulation is used to eliminate MRSA from nasal passages to prevent infections.
How to Properly Use Bactroban Ointment
Proper application is crucial for effectiveness and to minimize side effects. Follow these general steps as directed by a healthcare professional:
- Clean and dry the affected area.
- Wash hands before and after application.
- Apply a thin layer to the infected area using a clean swab or gauze.
- Apply according to your doctor's instructions for the prescribed duration.
- Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
- The treated area can be covered with sterile gauze, but avoid occlusive dressings unless directed by a doctor.
- Avoid use on large open wounds or burns, especially with kidney issues, due to potential absorption of the base ingredient.
Bactroban vs. Neosporin: What's the Difference?
| Feature | Bactroban Ointment (Mupirocin) | Neosporin Ointment (Bacitracin/Neomycin/Polymyxin B) |
|---|---|---|
| Availability | Prescription only | Over-the-counter (OTC) |
| Active Ingredient | Mupirocin | Bacitracin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B |
| Primary Use | Treatment of specific, established bacterial skin infections, including certain MRSA strains | Prevention of infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns |
| Effectiveness | Highly effective against susceptible gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes | Provides broad-spectrum coverage for common skin bacteria |
| Allergy Risk | Lower risk of allergic reactions due to single-ingredient formulation | Higher risk of allergic reactions, particularly due to Neomycin |
Potential Side Effects and Safety Considerations
Bactroban is generally well-tolerated, but side effects can occur.
Common Side Effects
- Burning, stinging, or pain at the application site
- Itching or rash
- Redness (Erythema)
- Dryness
Serious Side Effects (Rare)
- Severe allergic reactions
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Important Precautions
- Mucosal Use: Do not apply to eyes, nose, or mouth; a separate nasal version exists.
- Kidney Issues: Avoid use on large damaged skin areas with kidney problems due to potential absorption.
- Intravenous Sites: Do not use at IV sites.
- Prolonged Use: Can lead to overgrowth of non-susceptible microorganisms.
Conclusion
Bactroban ointment is a potent prescription antibiotic with mupirocin, used for specific bacterial skin infections like impetigo and folliculitis. It is distinct from over-the-counter products and requires precise application as directed by a healthcare provider. Awareness of potential side effects and precautions is essential. Consult your doctor if symptoms do not improve or worsen.
Authority Link: Mupirocin (topical route) - Mayo Clinic
