Understanding Verrucas and Verruca Gel
Verrucas, or plantar warts, are benign growths on the soles of the feet caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) [1.7.3]. The virus invades epithelial cells, leading to the formation of rough, keratotic papules that can be painful when walking [1.7.1]. While many verrucas resolve on their own within two years, treatment can speed up the process and alleviate discomfort [1.7.3].
Verruca gels are a first-line therapy, with salicylic acid as the primary active ingredient [1.5.1, 1.3.5]. Some formulations also include lactic acid to enhance the effects [1.3.4]. The mechanism of action is keratolytic; salicylic acid works by painlessly breaking down the thickened outer layer of skin (stratum corneum) that forms the verruca [1.3.4, 1.3.5]. It softens the tissue, causing it to swell and eventually peel away, removing the infected cells [1.3.4]. This process may also trigger a local immune response against the virus [1.3.5].
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Use Verruca Gel
Proper application is crucial for the effectiveness of the treatment and to avoid irritating the surrounding healthy skin. Most brands recommend a daily application, often in the evening [1.9.1, 1.9.4].
Step 1: Preparation
- Soak the Area: Begin by soaking the affected foot in warm water for 2 to 5 minutes. This softens the hard skin of the verruca, making the treatment more effective [1.2.5, 1.9.4].
- Dry Thoroughly: Dry the area completely using a clean towel. If you have a verruca, it is recommended to use a separate towel for the affected foot to prevent the virus from spreading [1.2.5, 1.2.3].
- Protect Healthy Skin: Apply a thin layer of soft paraffin (like Vaseline) to the healthy skin surrounding the verruca. This creates a barrier and protects it from the acidic gel [1.2.2].
Step 2: Application
- Apply the Gel: Carefully apply one or two drops of the verruca gel directly onto the top of the verruca only [1.2.5]. Avoid letting the gel spread to the protected healthy skin. If it does, wipe it off immediately with a tissue [1.2.5].
- Allow to Dry: Let the gel dry for a few minutes. It will form a small, white, water-resistant patch over the verruca [1.2.5]. There is no need to cover the area with a plaster unless specified by the product instructions [1.2.2].
Step 3: Daily and Weekly Routine
- Repeat Daily: The next evening, before reapplying, carefully peel or pick off the dried white patch of gel from the previous application [1.2.5]. Then, repeat the soaking and application process [1.9.4].
- File Weekly: Once a week, before applying the fresh gel, gently rub the surface of the verruca with a pumice stone or emery board [1.2.5, 1.9.1]. This helps remove the dead layers of skin and allows the gel to penetrate more deeply. Do not share the emery board, as this can spread the infection [1.2.5].
Continue this treatment cycle daily. It can take up to 12 weeks to completely remove the verruca, so consistency is key [1.2.2, 1.9.4].
Treatment Comparison
Salicylic acid gel is a common and effective home treatment, but other options are available.
| Treatment Method | Typical Setting | Success Rate (Approx.) | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salicylic Acid Gel | Home | 53-75% [1.5.3, 1.5.5] | Painless, gradual removal over several weeks. |
| Cryotherapy (Freezing) | Clinic / Home | 52% (aggressive) [1.5.2] | Freezes the wart tissue, which then falls off. Can be painful. |
| Swift (Microwave) | Clinic | 83% [1.5.3] | Uses microwave energy to target and destroy infected tissue. |
| Faulkner's Needling | Clinic | 69% [1.5.3] | A minor surgical procedure to stimulate an immune response. |
Important Precautions and Potential Side Effects
While generally safe, verruca gels require careful handling.
- Who Should Not Use: Do not use verruca gel if you have diabetes or suffer from poor blood circulation [1.4.3, 1.4.4]. Avoid use on moles, birthmarks, hairy warts, or on the face, genital areas, or broken skin [1.4.3].
- Potential Side Effects: A mild tingling sensation or slight tenderness at the application site is normal [1.10.1]. However, if the gel spreads to healthy skin, it can cause irritation or redness [1.10.1, 1.4.5]. Stop use and consult a doctor if you experience severe pain, persistent irritation, or signs of an allergic reaction like hives or swelling [1.4.5, 1.10.3].
- Flammable: The product is often flammable. Do not use it near flames or ignition sources [1.4.3].
When to Consult a Doctor
Most verrucas can be treated at home, but you should see a GP or podiatrist if:
- The growth is bleeding, changes in appearance, or is very large and painful [1.11.1, 1.11.2].
- The verruca persists, multiplies, or returns after treatment [1.11.2].
- You are unsure if the growth is a verruca [1.11.2].
- You have an underlying condition like a weakened immune system [1.11.2].
Conclusion
Using verruca gel is a clinically proven method for treating plantar warts, with salicylic acid effectively breaking down infected skin tissue [1.2.3, 1.3.4]. Success relies on consistent, careful application over several weeks, following a routine of soaking, applying the gel to the verruca only, and periodically filing the surface. Always protect surrounding healthy skin and be aware of precautions, especially for individuals with circulatory issues or diabetes. If the verruca does not respond to treatment after 12 weeks or if any concerning symptoms develop, seeking professional medical advice is essential [1.11.1].
Authoritative Link: British Skin Foundation - Plantar Warts (verrucas)
