Colic is typically defined as a healthy, well-fed infant crying for more than three hours a day, more than three days a week, for at least three weeks. While the specific cause of colic is unknown, it's often associated with digestive issues like gas and abdominal discomfort. Colic drops are over-the-counter products designed to alleviate these symptoms, but their effectiveness depends on the active ingredient and the underlying issue.
The Role of Active Ingredients in Colic Drops
Not all colic drops are created equal; they contain different active ingredients that target specific digestive problems. The most common active ingredients are simethicone and lactase, while some herbal remedies, like gripe water, are also widely used.
Simethicone Drops for Gas Relief
Simethicone is a commonly used anti-foaming agent found in many infant gas relief drops, such as Mylicon and Little Remedies. The medication works by decreasing the surface tension of gas bubbles in the baby's stomach and intestines. By causing small gas bubbles to combine into larger ones, simethicone makes it easier for the baby to pass gas by burping or as flatulence.
Despite its popularity, clinical evidence on simethicone's effectiveness for treating actual colic (not just gas) is mixed. Some studies show little difference between simethicone and a placebo in reducing crying time associated with colic. However, many parents report success, suggesting that while it may not address the root cause of colic, it can provide relief for babies experiencing gas-related discomfort. Simethicone is considered safe for infants because it is not absorbed into the baby's system and generally has few side effects.
Lactase Drops for Lactose Intolerance
Some colic drops, such as Colief, contain the lactase enzyme. These drops are used under the assumption that a baby's colic is caused by a temporary inability to fully digest lactose, the sugar found in breast milk and cow's milk formula. By adding lactase drops to expressed breast milk or formula before a feed, the enzyme pre-digests the lactose, making it easier for the baby to process and potentially reducing discomfort, bloating, and gas. This approach is not universally effective but can provide significant relief for babies with temporary lactose intolerance.
Gripe Water and Other Herbal Remedies
Gripe water is a traditional remedy that often contains a combination of herbal ingredients, including ginger, fennel, and chamomile, along with sodium bicarbonate. The herbal components are believed to help soothe upset stomachs and calm the baby, while sodium bicarbonate acts as an antacid. Unlike simethicone or lactase drops, gripe water's effectiveness is not backed by strong scientific research, and some formulations in the past contained alcohol, though most modern versions do not. Parents should always check the label for ingredients and consult with a pediatrician before using gripe water.
Comparison of Common Colic Drop Ingredients
| Feature | Simethicone Drops | Lactase Drops | Gripe Water |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active Ingredient | Simethicone | Lactase enzyme | Herbal ingredients (e.g., fennel, ginger) and sodium bicarbonate |
| Mechanism | Breaks up gas bubbles, making them easier to pass. | Breaks down lactose in milk before feeding. | Herbal calming, antacid properties. |
| Target Issue | Gas and bloating caused by trapped air. | Digestive discomfort from temporary lactose intolerance. | General digestive upset, hiccups, and gas. |
| Scientific Evidence | Mixed evidence for colic, but proven for gas relief. | Can be effective for lactose intolerance-related discomfort. | Limited research and effectiveness varies widely. |
| When to Use | As needed, often with or after feedings. | Mixed with milk or formula before every feed. | Can be given as needed for fussiness. |
Alternative Approaches for Managing Colic
Because colic drops do not work for all babies, and the cause of colic is often complex, combining medication with other soothing techniques is often most effective. The American Academy of Pediatrics offers several suggestions:
- Burping: Frequent burping during and after feeds can help reduce swallowed air.
- Feeding Position: Hold your baby upright during feedings to minimize air intake.
- Massage and Movement: Gently massaging your baby's tummy or bicycling their legs can help move gas through their system.
- Swaddling: Securely wrapping your baby in a blanket can provide comfort and security.
- White Noise: Rhythmic sounds, such as a white noise machine or the hum of an appliance, can be soothing.
- Soothing Motion: Gentle rocking, holding, or taking a car ride can help calm some babies.
- Dietary Changes: If breastfeeding, a mother might experiment with removing certain foods from her diet, such as dairy. For formula-fed infants, a pediatrician may recommend a different type of formula.
- Consult a Pediatrician: When in doubt or if symptoms worsen, always consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying issues.
Conclusion: Finding the Right Solution
Ultimately, what do colic drops help with? is best answered by understanding that they are symptom relievers, not a cure for colic itself. Simethicone drops target gas bubbles, lactase drops address temporary lactose intolerance, and herbal remedies like gripe water offer a traditional, but less scientifically-backed, approach. Because every baby's digestive system is unique, what works for one may not for another. A combination of a targeted drop, if your pediatrician approves, and other soothing techniques is often the best strategy. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the right course of action for your baby's specific needs. For further guidance on infant health, reliable resources like HealthyChildren.org are available.
