Trusted for over 80 years, A+D Ointment is a staple in many households for its multipurpose skin-protecting properties [1.3.2]. It is a go-to remedy for everything from preventing diaper rash in babies to soothing chapped lips and aiding in the healing process of new tattoos [1.3.1, 1.5.1]. The ointment works by forming a protective barrier over the skin, which helps to seal out wetness and irritants while allowing the skin to heal naturally [1.3.1, 1.4.2].
Core Ingredients and Their Pharmacological Action
The effectiveness of A&D Original Ointment comes from its simple yet powerful formulation. The two primary active ingredients are petrolatum and lanolin [1.2.3].
Petrolatum (53.4%)
Petrolatum is a well-known skin protectant [1.2.1]. It creates a semi-occlusive barrier on the skin's surface. This barrier serves two main functions: it locks in the skin's natural moisture to prevent dryness, and it shields the skin from external irritants like wetness from a diaper, friction, or harsh weather conditions [1.3.1, 1.6.4]. This protective layer is crucial for allowing compromised skin to heal without further aggravation.
Lanolin (15.5%)
Lanolin is an emollient derived from sheep's wool and is recognized for its ability to treat dry skin, itching, and general skin irritation [1.3.3]. It mimics the skin's own lipids, helping to moisturize and soften it. In A&D ointment, it works in conjunction with petrolatum to provide a robust barrier and deliver deep hydration, making it particularly effective for chapped or cracked skin [1.3.3].
The Role of Vitamins A and D
The name "A&D" refers to the inclusion of vitamins A and D, typically sourced from cod liver oil, as inactive ingredients [1.2.5]. While not listed as active drugs by the FDA, these vitamins offer supplementary benefits. Vitamin A supports skin cell regeneration and repair, while Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin [1.7.5, 1.8.4].
Primary and Off-Label Uses
A&D Ointment is a versatile product with a range of applications for both babies and adults [1.3.1].
- Diaper Rash Prevention and Treatment: This is the most common use. To prevent diaper rash, a generous layer should be applied to the baby's bottom, genital area, and thigh folds with every diaper change [1.4.2]. This creates a barrier against wetness and fecal enzymes [1.4.2]. For an existing rash, the area should be cleaned and dried thoroughly before applying the ointment liberally [1.4.1].
- Dry and Chafed Skin: It provides relief for chapped, chafed, or cracked skin on hands, feet, elbows, and lips, especially during cold weather [1.3.1, 1.3.5].
- Minor Cuts, Scrapes, and Burns: The protective barrier helps to shield minor wounds from bacteria, preventing infection and promoting a moist healing environment [1.3.2, 1.3.4].
- Tattoo Aftercare: Many tattoo artists recommend A&D ointment for the initial days of healing [1.5.1]. Applying a very thin layer after cleaning the tattoo can help reduce scabbing, prevent infection, and keep the skin hydrated [1.5.1]. However, it is petroleum-based and should only be used for the first 2-3 days before switching to a lighter, water-based lotion to avoid clogging pores [1.5.1, 1.5.3].
Product Comparison: A&D vs. Competitors
When choosing a skin protectant, it's helpful to compare A&D with other popular products like Aquaphor and Desitin.
| Feature | A&D Original Ointment | Aquaphor Healing Ointment | Desitin Maximum Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Active Ingredients | Petrolatum (53.4%), Lanolin (15.5%) [1.2.1] | Petrolatum (41%) | Zinc Oxide (40%) [1.6.3] |
| Main Purpose | Prevention of diaper rash, skin protection [1.4.2, 1.6.4] | General healing for cracked, dry skin; diaper rash prevention [1.6.4] | Treatment of existing diaper rash [1.6.5] |
| Consistency | Clear, thick ointment [1.6.4] | Clear, thick ointment [1.6.4] | Thick, white, opaque paste [1.6.5] |
| Key Benefit | Creates a protective barrier with moisturizing lanolin [1.3.1] | Forms a breathable, protective barrier [1.6.3] | Provides a strong barrier and treats severe rash with zinc oxide [1.6.3] |
Application and Safety
For any use, the ointment should be applied as needed to clean, dry skin [1.4.1]. While A&D ointment is generally safe and well-tolerated, some considerations are important:
- For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes [1.4.5].
- Do not use on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns [1.4.5].
- Side Effects: Though rare, some individuals may experience burning, stinging, redness, or irritation. A serious allergic reaction (rash, itching/swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) requires immediate medical attention [1.7.1, 1.7.2].
- Consult a doctor if the condition worsens, symptoms last for more than 7 days, or if they clear up and return within a few days [1.4.5].
Conclusion
A&D Ointment is a time-tested, versatile, and affordable pharmacological product for skin protection. Its formulation, centered on the barrier-forming properties of petrolatum and the moisturizing benefits of lanolin, makes it highly effective for preventing diaper rash, soothing dry and irritated skin, and protecting minor wounds [1.3.1, 1.3.2]. While newer formulations and specialty products exist, A&D remains a reliable and pediatrician-recommended choice for everyday skin care needs [1.2.2].
For more information on drug ingredients and labels, you can visit the DailyMed database provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
