An overview of Xerese cream
Xerese is a topical cream prescribed for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis, commonly known as cold sores. This medication is formulated with a dual-action approach, combining an antiviral drug with an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid to target the infection from multiple angles. The active ingredients are acyclovir 5% and hydrocortisone 1%. Acyclovir works to inhibit the herpes simplex virus (HSV) from replicating, while hydrocortisone helps reduce the local inflammation, swelling, and redness that are characteristic of cold sore outbreaks.
The formulation is specifically intended for external use on cold sores located on the lips and around the mouth. It is not indicated for other areas, such as the genitals, eyes, or inside the mouth. For optimal results, treatment should begin as soon as the first signs and symptoms appear, such as a tingling, burning, or itching sensation, which often precede the visible lesion. Xerese is available only by prescription for individuals aged 6 years and older.
The mechanism behind Xerese's dual ingredients
The combination of acyclovir and hydrocortisone makes Xerese a unique and effective treatment for cold sores. Each component plays a distinct role in managing the outbreak:
- Acyclovir: As an antiviral agent, acyclovir works by interfering with the herpes virus's ability to replicate its DNA. The virus-infected cells convert acyclovir into its active form, acyclovir triphosphate, which then blocks the viral DNA polymerase enzyme. This mechanism selectively inhibits the virus's growth and spread without significantly harming healthy, uninfected cells.
- Hydrocortisone: As a corticosteroid, hydrocortisone suppresses the inflammatory response triggered by the viral infection. Cold sores are characterized by inflammation, which causes redness, swelling, and discomfort. By reducing this inflammation, hydrocortisone helps to lessen the severity of these symptoms and can lead to a quicker resolution of the lesion.
The synergistic effect of these two ingredients allows Xerese to not only shorten the healing time but also reduce the overall likelihood of the cold sore developing into an ulcerative lesion. In clinical trials, this dual-action approach was shown to be more effective than acyclovir cream alone.
How to apply Xerese cream correctly
Following the proper application protocol is crucial for maximizing Xerese's effectiveness and preventing the spread of the infection. Use of the cream is typically recommended for five days.
Instructions for use:
- Wash your hands: Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after application.
- Clean the area: Gently clean and dry the affected area of the lip or face.
- Apply a thin layer: Squeeze out a sufficient amount of cream to cover the cold sore completely, including its outer margin.
- Avoid rubbing: Apply the cream gently without rubbing, as rubbing can potentially spread the virus to other areas or worsen the infection.
- Do not cover: Do not cover the treated area with a bandage, as this can increase systemic absorption and potentially increase side effects.
- Avoid other products: Do not apply other topical products like makeup, sunscreen, or lip balm to the area during treatment.
It is important to complete the full recommended course of treatment, even if symptoms begin to improve sooner. If the cold sore does not show improvement after two weeks, consult a healthcare provider.
Comparing Xerese cream with over-the-counter options
Xerese is a prescription-only medication, which distinguishes it from many over-the-counter (OTC) cold sore remedies, such as Abreva. A direct comparison of these two common treatments highlights their differences in formulation, accessibility, and use.
| Feature | Xerese (Acyclovir/Hydrocortisone) | Abreva (Docosanol) |
|---|---|---|
| Prescription Status | Prescription only | Over-the-counter (OTC) |
| Active Ingredients | Acyclovir (antiviral) and Hydrocortisone (anti-inflammatory) | Docosanol (inhibits viral fusion) |
| Age Restriction | 6 years and older | 12 years and older |
| Mechanism of Action | Inhibits viral DNA synthesis and reduces inflammation | Blocks the herpes virus from entering healthy cells |
| Key Benefit | Shortens healing time and reduces severity by targeting both the virus and inflammation | Shortens healing time |
| Availability | Requires a doctor's visit and prescription | Widely available at pharmacies and stores |
Potential side effects and warnings
While generally well-tolerated, Xerese can cause some side effects, primarily local skin reactions. Common adverse effects include:
- Drying or flaking of the skin
- Tingling or burning sensation upon application
- Skin redness or erythema
- Changes in skin color where the cream is applied
- Swelling at the application site
More severe side effects, such as a serious allergic reaction (hives, difficulty breathing), are rare but require immediate medical attention. Patients should also be advised of the following warnings:
- Not a cure: Xerese does not cure herpes, nor does it prevent future outbreaks. It only manages the current infection.
- Contagious until healed: The cold sore remains contagious during treatment. Patients should take precautions to avoid spreading the virus, such as not kissing or sharing utensils.
- Use limitations: The cream is for external use on the lips and around the mouth only. It should not be used on the eyes, genitals, or inside the mouth or nose.
Conclusion
Xerese cream serves a specific and effective purpose in treating recurrent cold sores (herpes labialis). By combining an antiviral agent (acyclovir) and an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid (hydrocortisone), it offers a targeted approach to shorten healing time and reduce the severity of symptoms like swelling and redness. As a prescription medication, its use is carefully managed by a healthcare provider, and it is important for patients to follow the precise instructions for application. While it is not a cure for the herpes virus, it provides a powerful option for managing cold sore outbreaks in adults and children 6 years and older. For more comprehensive information, consult a medical professional or refer to the full prescribing information provided by the manufacturer based on information from the FDA.
