Jardiance (empagliflozin) is a brand-name prescription medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It belongs to a class of drugs called sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Jardiance works by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, causing the body to excrete excess sugar through the urine. While highly effective for its intended purposes, understanding its potential interactions with other substances, particularly alcohol, is crucial for patient safety.
Why mixing Jardiance and alcohol is dangerous
There are several significant reasons why healthcare providers advise against or strongly caution against drinking alcohol while taking Jardiance. The combined effects can compound the risks of already serious conditions.
Increased Risk of Ketoacidosis
Both Jardiance and alcohol can separately increase the risk of ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition where high levels of ketones (acids) build up in the blood. The risk is particularly elevated with binge drinking. While rare, this complication can occur even when blood sugar levels are not dangerously high. Signs of ketoacidosis are serious and require immediate medical attention:
- Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
- Fruity-smelling breath
- Extreme thirst and frequent urination
- Rapid breathing and confusion
Danger of Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
For individuals with diabetes, alcohol consumption can cause blood sugar levels to drop too low (hypoglycemia). Jardiance, while having a low risk of causing hypoglycemia on its own, can increase this risk when combined with alcohol, especially if the patient also takes insulin or sulfonylureas. This is particularly dangerous because alcohol can mask the symptoms of low blood sugar. It is important to be aware of the signs:
- Dizziness and shakiness
- Confusion and difficulty concentrating
- Headache and fatigue
- Rapid heart rate
Severe Dehydration and Blood Pressure Changes
Jardiance works by increasing urination to remove excess sugar from the body, which can lead to dehydration. Alcohol is also a diuretic, meaning it increases urine production. Combining these two substances significantly raises the risk of severe dehydration and dangerously low blood pressure (hypotension). Symptoms of severe dehydration can include:
- Extreme thirst
- Dry mouth and skin
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting
- Decreased urination
Additional Effects on Kidney and Heart Health
Alcohol puts extra stress on the kidneys, which can interfere with the protective effects of Jardiance. For individuals taking Jardiance to treat chronic kidney disease, this is a particularly relevant concern. Furthermore, for patients with heart failure who rely on Jardiance for cardiovascular benefits, heavy or long-term alcohol use can counteract the medication's positive effects, potentially worsening heart health.
Comparison Table: Jardiance, Alcohol, and Combination Effects
| Effect | Jardiance Alone | Alcohol Alone | Jardiance + Alcohol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketoacidosis Risk | Low, but possible | Low, but possible | Significantly increased |
| Hypoglycemia Risk | Low | Can cause low blood sugar | Significantly increased, especially with other diabetes meds |
| Dehydration | Mild increase in urination | Increases urination | High risk of severe dehydration and low blood pressure |
| Kidney Strain | Helps protect kidneys | Puts extra strain on kidneys | Can undermine Jardiance's kidney benefits |
What to do if you plan to drink
Completely avoiding alcohol is the safest option while on Jardiance, but if you do intend to drink, it's vital to speak with your doctor first. They can assess your personal risk factors, such as your overall health, other medications you take, and diabetes control. Based on their advice, they may recommend strict limits or that you avoid it entirely. If moderate consumption is deemed safe, consider these precautions:
- Eat a meal before or while drinking to slow alcohol absorption.
- Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
- Monitor your blood sugar levels more frequently.
- Inform someone you are with that you are taking Jardiance in case you need assistance.
- Avoid binge drinking at all costs.
How to Discuss Alcohol Use with Your Doctor
When talking to your healthcare provider about your alcohol consumption, be honest and transparent. Provide them with the following information to help them make the best recommendation for your health:
- The frequency and amount of alcohol you typically consume.
- Any other medications, supplements, or vitamins you are taking.
- Your personal medical history, including any previous issues with hypoglycemia, kidney problems, or ketoacidosis.
- Your current diet and exercise habits.
Conclusion: Prioritize Safety Above All Else
While some sources suggest moderate alcohol consumption under controlled conditions may be possible for some individuals, the overall medical consensus emphasizes that combining Jardiance and alcohol significantly increases the risk of serious complications, including ketoacidosis, severe dehydration, and hypoglycemia. The best and safest course of action is to follow your doctor's specific advice. Always prioritize your health and never take unnecessary risks when managing a serious medical condition. For further information and support regarding substance use, resources like the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) helpline are available.
