Motion sickness is a common condition caused by a discrepancy between what your inner ear senses and what your eyes see, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Several types of medications are available to treat or prevent this, both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription. These typically fall into two main categories: antihistamines and anticholinergics. While effective, these medications carry a risk of significant interactions with other drugs, which can worsen side effects or lead to dangerous health complications.
The Risk of Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression
One of the most common and significant risks associated with travel sickness medications is their potential to cause or enhance CNS depression. Many common travel sickness medications, such as dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), meclizine (Bonine), and promethazine, are first-generation antihistamines known for their sedative effects. When combined with other substances that also depress the CNS, this effect can be dangerously amplified.
Medications That Enhance Sedation
- Sedatives and Hypnotics: This includes prescription sleep aids (e.g., zolpidem) and benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, lorazepam), which are often prescribed for anxiety or insomnia. The combination can result in excessive drowsiness, impaired balance, and in rare cases, slowed breathing or even coma.
- Opioids: Strong pain relievers like oxycodone and morphine also act as CNS depressants. Taking them with travel sickness tablets significantly increases the risk of severe sedation and respiratory depression.
- Muscle Relaxants: Medications used to treat muscle spasms, such as cyclobenzaprine, can have additive sedative effects when taken with travel sickness medication.
- Alcohol: It is strongly advised to avoid or limit alcohol consumption when taking travel sickness tablets. Alcohol acts as a CNS depressant and can severely worsen dizziness and drowsiness.
Additive Anticholinergic Effects
Some travel sickness medications, particularly scopolamine patches (Transderm Scop) and certain first-generation antihistamines, have strong anticholinergic properties. These drugs block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, which can cause side effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Combining these with other anticholinergic medications increases the risk and severity of these side effects.
Anticholinergic Drug Interactions
- Certain Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like amitriptyline have strong anticholinergic effects and can significantly increase the risk of side effects like dry mouth and confusion when combined with travel sickness tablets.
- Medications for Overactive Bladder: Drugs such as oxybutynin are anticholinergic and can amplify side effects when taken with motion sickness remedies.
- Parkinson's Disease Medications: Some drugs used to treat Parkinson's, such as amantadine, also have anticholinergic activity and should be used with caution.
Specific Medication Class Interactions
Beyond general drug categories, specific interactions exist that should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
- Antidepressants: While TCAs are particularly concerning, some SSRIs like escitalopram can also cause increased drowsiness and confusion when combined with dimenhydrinate.
- Blood Pressure Medications: An interaction is possible, especially with medications like lisinopril and dimenhydrinate, which can lead to additive blood pressure-lowering effects, causing dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Always consult your doctor before combining.
- Other Antihistamines: Taking multiple antihistamines simultaneously, for example, a travel sickness tablet and a strong allergy medication like diphenhydramine, is not recommended as it drastically increases the risk of side effects like extreme sedation and dry mouth.
Comparison Table: Common Travel Sickness Medications and Interactions
Medication Name | Active Ingredient | Common Interactions | Key Risks |
---|---|---|---|
Dramamine | Dimenhydrinate | Sedatives, opioids, alcohol, other antihistamines, anticholinergics | Exaggerated drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, confusion |
Bonine, Dramamine Less Drowsy | Meclizine | Sedatives, alcohol, opioids, other antihistamines, benzodiazepines, antidepressants | Increased drowsiness, dizziness, cognitive impairment |
Transderm Scop | Scopolamine | Sedatives, alcohol, anticholinergics, other motion sickness pills | Enhanced anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, blurred vision), confusion, severe drowsiness |
Hyoscine Hydrobromide (e.g., Kwells) | Hyoscine Hydrobromide | Antidepressants (MAOIs, TCAs), other anticholinergics, drugs that cause drowsiness | Increased sedation, worsening of anticholinergic side effects |
What to Do Before You Travel
To ensure your safety and minimize the risk of drug interactions, it is essential to be proactive. Always consult a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or pharmacist, before combining travel sickness tablets with any other medication, including prescription, OTC, herbal supplements, or vitamins. A pharmacist can review your complete medication list and identify potential interactions. If you are new to a specific travel sickness medication, especially those containing antihistamines, consider doing a 'test dose' at home before your trip to see how it affects you, as some individuals experience unusual or intense side effects like paradoxical agitation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers valuable travel health advice, including considerations for motion sickness.
Conclusion
Combining travel sickness tablets with other medications requires careful consideration due to the risk of significant drug interactions. The primary concerns revolve around enhanced CNS depression, leading to increased drowsiness, and heightened anticholinergic side effects like dry mouth and blurred vision. Dangerous combinations exist with sedatives, opioids, alcohol, and certain antidepressants. Consulting a healthcare professional is the most critical step to ensure your travel is both comfortable and safe, especially if you are taking multiple medications. Never stop taking a prescribed medication or start a new one without professional guidance.
Key Takeaways
- Enhanced Drowsiness: Many travel sickness tablets are sedating, and this effect is intensified when combined with alcohol, sedatives, opioids, or other antihistamines.
- Additive Anticholinergic Effects: Medications like scopolamine and dimenhydrinate can cause side effects such as dry mouth and blurred vision, which are worsened by combining with other anticholinergic drugs.
- Consult Your Doctor or Pharmacist: Always discuss your full medication list with a healthcare provider before taking travel sickness tablets to screen for interactions.
- Watch for Specific Risks: Pay special attention if you take medications for blood pressure, depression, or anxiety, as specific interactions are possible.
- Test Dose Advised: If trying a new motion sickness medication, especially for children, consider a test dose at home to monitor for intense sedation or paradoxical agitation.
- Avoid Alcohol: The combination of alcohol with travel sickness medication can cause extreme drowsiness and is strongly discouraged.